The Dawn is at Hand and Song of Hope Essay Example For Students

The Dawn is at Hand and Song of Hope Essay The well known poet, Oodgeroo of the Noonuccal tribe, uses her two poems, Song of Hope and The Dawn is at Hand, to examine coming equality between her people, the Aboriginal race and the White community. These two poems both aim to convince Aborigines that racial equality is imminent. She explores this concept by making use of poetic devices. To understand how Oodgeroo achieves this aim, it is important to examine the form, tone and imagery used in the two poems. Oodgeroo has uses the characteristics of dramatic monologues to assist her in examining the approaching parity between the Aborigines and the Whites. The Dawn is at Hand and Song of Hope, both follow the poetic characteristics of a dramatic monologue, with a singular speaker addressing people (Song of Hope 1) and dark brother (The Dawn is at Hand 1). In both poems, the poets voice is central to the poem. Oodgeroo develops the poem by addressing her people in second person plural in The Dawn is at Hand and grouping them together as one group by using first person plural in Song of Hope. We will write a custom essay on The Dawn is at Hand and Song of Hope specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now By personally addressing her people in this poem, the poet voices her personal emotions and thoughts regarding the situation, evoking the same feelings in the reader. Dramatic monologues are used to not only reveal a certain situation but also how the situation has affected the character. Through her poems, the poet exposes her cultural context of the poem and develops her view on the situation. This positions the audience to empathize with her and her people for their negative treatment from the Whites. Oodgeroo, employs her unique position as an Aborigine, to speak both for, and to, her race, people who were bound and frustrated (Song of Hope 17) causing tears shed (The Dawn is at Hand 5). As the two poems progress, the speaker tells her people that equality is coming, now with the reader empathetically positioned by her side. The readers begin to believe that the Aborigines have gone through enough suffering and it is time for the coming of equality. Oodgeroo has constructed her poems with specific word choices to create an appropriate tone which represents the arrival of unity between the Dark and White (The Dawn is at Hand 17). The tone in the poem persuades the reader to seek for equality between the white and aborigines. Certain elements, including use of emotive words, have assisted in creating this tone, evoking compassion in the reader. In the Song of Hope, the poet refers to words such as shame (6) and sorrow (22), bringing the injustices suffered by the Aborigines to the attention of the reader. In the Song of Hope, Oodgeroo has incorporated many abstract nouns, such as mateship (28) and joy (29), which serves to evoke the feeling of being immersed in a spiritual reality. This enables the audience to glimpse the bright future filled with hope for both races. Another factor which affects the tone, is the rhythm of the poems. In song of hope, the poem is quick paced with a specific beat, making the readers want to repeat the song over and over, immersing themselves in the coming of equality. On the other hand, Dawn is at Hand only has intermittent rhythm and is much more slowly paced, allowing the reader more time to reflect on the possibilities of equality between the two races. The poet believes if this desire for equality is evoked, her people will find the courage to Go forward proudly and unafraid (The Dawn is at Hand 9), and there would be no doubt shame of the past will be over (The Dawn is at Hand 11). All these elements add up to create the tone of persuasion and certainty in the coming equality of the Aborigines and Whites.

How to Conduct a Hypothesis Test in Statistics

How to Conduct a Hypothesis Test in Statistics The idea of hypothesis testing is relatively straightforward. In various studies, we observe certain events. We must ask, is the event due to chance alone, or is there some cause that we should be looking for? We need to have a way to differentiate between events that easily occur by chance and those that are highly unlikely to occur randomly. Such a method should be streamlined and well defined so that others can replicate our statistical experiments. There are a few different methods used to conduct hypothesis tests. One of these methods is known as the traditional method, and another involves what is known as a p-value. The steps of these two most common methods are identical up to a point, then diverge slightly. Both the traditional method for hypothesis testing and the p-value method are outlined below. The Traditional Method The traditional method is as follows: Begin by stating the claim or hypothesis that is being tested. Also, form a statement for the case that the hypothesis is false.Express both of the statements from the first step in mathematical symbols. These statements will use symbols such as inequalities and equals signs.Identify which of the two symbolic statements does not have equality in it. This could simply be a not equals sign, but could also be an is less than sign ( ). The statement containing inequality is called the alternative hypothesis and is denoted H1 or Ha.The statement from the first step that makes the statement that a parameter equals a particular value is called the null hypothesis, denoted H0.Choose which significance level that we want. A significance level is typically denoted by the Greek letter alpha. Here we should consider Type I errors. A Type I error occurs when we reject a null hypothesis that is actually true. If we are very concerned about this possibility occurring, then our value for alpha shoul d be small. There is a bit of a trade-off here. The smaller the alpha, the most costly the experiment. The values 0.05 and 0.01 are common values used for alpha, but any positive number between 0 and 0.50 could be used for a significance level. Determine which statistic and distribution we should use. The type of distribution is dictated by features of the data. Common distributions include z score, t score, and chi-squared.Find the test statistic and critical value for this statistic. Here we will have to consider if we are conducting a two-tailed test (typically when the alternative hypothesis contains a â€Å"is not equal to† symbol, or a one-tailed test (typically used when an inequality is involved in the statement of the alternative hypothesis).From the type of distribution, confidence level, critical value, and test statistic we sketch a graph.If the test statistic is in our critical region, then we must reject the null hypothesis. The alternative hypothesis stands. If the test statistic is not in our critical region, then we fail to reject the null hypothesis. This does not prove that the null hypothesis is true, but gives a way to quantify how likely it is to be true.We now state the results of the hypothesi s test in such a way that the original claim is addressed. The p-Value Method The p-value method is nearly identical to the traditional method. The first six steps are the same. For step seven we find the test statistic and p-value. We then reject the null hypothesis if the p-value is less than or equal to alpha. We fail to reject the null hypothesis if the p-value is greater than alpha. We then wrap up the test as before, by clearly stating the results.

Change in Congress Due To Republicans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Change in Congress Due To Republicans - Essay Example A student testing for drugs for the first time may find it a rather daunting, and emotional experience, but they should be aware that they are not there to judge any of the subjects; nor the educational faculty. The student tester must be professional; impartial observation, amiability without familiarity, and also the ability to keep their focus in very testing circumstances. The student will be assessed in all of these areas, and also upon their ability to understand their role in the testing of teenagers, and the statistical likelihood that any student they meet will test positive for drugs. Drug testing is a contentious issue, with some seeing the Supreme Court's rulings in cases such as the Board of Education V. Earls (2002), as allowing a much broader invasion of student privacy than ever before; others argue that students should be required to submit to urine testing as part of the ever pressing war on drug use in America. As early as April 1999, Congress had been under increasing pressure to implement drug tests in schools, with Representatives arguing that: Increasing public concern about the nature of drug use in and around schools made the government choose a selective policy of urine testing to reassure parents that students were not taking drugs in class. It has been claimed that High School Senior Surveys shows a decline in drug use since the 1979, and that daily use of marijuana has fallen "From 10.3% to 4.0%" (Morgan, 1988). His conclusion, that marijuana use has slumped ("Declined significantly"), does not stem fear about student use of the drug, and this is what must be borne in mind when considering the role of routine urine testing in school admissions. Testing in Schools While many object to the use of random drug testing as a condition of admission to school, which is prohibited anyway as the school is a public body, this is not the case for extracurricular pastimes such as sports. The Supreme Court also noted that: Students are required to submit to physical examinations and Vaccinations which indicates that students have a lesser privacy interest than the general public.(Missouri Centre, 2002) Moreover, while there is some evidence that Drug testing of any kind, including for cause or suspicion, was not A significant predictor of Marijuana use." (Yamaguchi, et al, 2003ii) Routine drug testing is a standard procedure in sporting competitions and in the workplace: it should not therefore be seen as an over zealous requirement. "Drug-testing in schools and the workplace is not simply about individual behaviour" (Campbell, 2004, 86), it is, of course, also about the control that the school has over the children in its care. It is a school's responsibility to act as loco parentis and to enforce the law. Concerns over the invasion of a child's privacy during urine testing is dependant upon the idea of close observation of the child making the specimen, and then handing over this specimen to be tested by strangers (Boire, 2004). Of course, issues of trust also make things difficult: Routine drug testing implies, not merely that the tester mistrusts one student (Bailey, 1997, 5), but the entire generation. It may also make students more reluctant to participate in outside-hours activity - with the

Childrens Literature - Depiction of Fatherhood Essay

Childrens Literature - Depiction of Fatherhood - Essay Example The essay ‘Children’s Literature - Depiction of Fatherhood’ highlights the role of fatherhood in children's life based on discussing of two novels: Louisa May Alcott’s ‘Little Women’ and Robert Louis Stevenson’s ‘Treasure Island’. Both the stories have very strong story lines relevant to that age when society was made up of gender identities and set patterns of behavior that were unique to girls and boys. The father in ‘Little Women’ plays a pivotal role, even though he is either at war or when he returns home, remains in the background in the novel. In her own life, the author, Louisa May Alcott had a lot of father issues. Her own father, Bronson Alcott was an unconventional thinker and a Transcendentalist philosopher, who always disrupted the peace and harmony within his family with his conflicting ideas and crazy projects. In R.L Stevenson’s historical adventure, Jim Hawkin’s father does not hav e a major role and his character is used to move the story forward. When his father dies, Jim is in search of a father figure throughout the story of ‘Treasure Island. The author R.L Stevenson has aptly substituted the father figure with other characters in the story. Both the authors make the readers realize the importance of a good and noble father and what could happen for the lack of it. Both these novels are masterpieces and indispensable to many youth who experience the same condition even today.

Methodology and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Methodology and Analysis - Essay Example In effect, the researcher employed the use of comprehensive literature review to serve the purpose of qualitative data collection. For the quantitative method, the researcher made use of primary data collection, which required the collection of first hand data from an identified research setting. The research setting comprised the IT systems development environment where the researcher made use of IT students, IT engineers, IT employees, and other IT experts. The primary data collection took place by designing a questionnaire, which contained questions on various thematic areas, relating to the purpose of the study. There were two major components of the questionnaire. The first sought to collect general background data or information on the respondents. Examples of these had to do with their nationality, years of experience in the field of IT and their role in software system. The second part contained questions on the actual hypotheses that the researcher was testing. ... This means that when repeated with the same variables, the research must produce the same results within different locations or settings. Now, with the combination of questionnaire and literature review, the researcher was offered the opportunity of testing the results gathered through primary data collection with data from secondary sources. In effect, it was possible to internally check for consistency of responses and how they conformed to universally accepted standards. With the questionnaire as an independent data collection tool, the advantage that it offered the researcher was that it made quantitative data analysis very easy. This is because almost all the questions posed were closed ended questions, requiring the respondents to select their answers from given options (Kimberly, 2009). This way, it was possible to easily quantify the answers into mathematical indexes. What is more, the literature review was very useful in collecting highly authenticated data because options o f researchers were compared and contrasted with each other before making personalized conclusions to suit the research problem. 3.3 Shortfalls of other available Research Methods Apart from the use of literature review and questionnaire, there are other research methodologies that the researcher could employ in the data collection process. However, these were not selected because they do not pose merits and advantages that surpassed the ones that the questionnaire and literature review offered. Two of these research methodologies that the researcher could fall on are interview and field observation. An interview is a question and answer session that a

Operation Management Report For Alton Towers

Operation Management Report For Alton Towers Introduction In my report to CEO I am going to explain the importance of operational management and how environmental factors affect the operations management then various operational strategies. Explaining the layout of the Alton towers and what the strategic importance of operational management are further more capacity planning, inventory planning and quality control planning. 1.1. Operations management Operations constitutes an essence role in all case by business enterprise, covering a broad chain of actions, not entirely making up, merely whole steps in the general supply/value chains. This let in procurement, stocktakings, adeptnesss, logistics, and statistical distribution. Operations management constitutes the management of the resourcefulnesss, techniques, and systems of rules accustomed translate input signal into end product to produce vendee rate. These courses of study concentrates on trading operations rules and methods utilized through systems contending globally although besides allowing a strong ecumenical masterminding direction ground. 1.2. Main focus of this leisure business As it is obvious from the case study the main focus of the business is to provide there customer the magnificent surrounding, historic legacy, fun and flight of the imagination which suits all ages and tastes. It is clear from this statement is that there main focus of operation is the customer satisfaction and by doing this achieve the Alton tower strategic goals and objective of profit maximization and become market leader in theme park business. To attract the visitor Alton tower new attractions like Oblivion, the Nemesis, Ugland and Energizer. Beside the ride and physical leisure for its customers it contain eating places like restaurants, shops where visitors can buy there desired product of the choice. Instead of shopping and eating Alton tower do organize and conduct exhibition and festival to attract more visitors. Alton tower do succeed in achieving there desired target as shown above in the case study there were over three million visitor in 1998 beside of attraction how Alton tower can gain this in providing their customer quality of services in lower price as Alton tower was charging Nineteen pound of the entrance which is not just entrance fee like other theme park do but this price include use of all rides for unlimited times. They do provide special discounts discount to elder or aged customers and organized parties. For the purpose of offering the high quality of services to its customers Alton tower maintain team of 1800 staff who are performing their duties like operating rides caterers, cleaning and shop supervisors and security purposes. Security department are one and only by the life-sustaining servicing in business sector alike these, Alton Towers could advance itself for a safe park to travel to along concentrating on it is safe record all over the yrs, and whatsoever safe certifications they have received. They could build safe a primary feature for whatever future rides, and promote these information. Alton tower has spent 20 million on these new rides in order maintain attraction of the park between peoples which is part of its ten year development program me. Due to size of the park as it is on 800 acres it is not possible for the visitor to visit the whole park in one attempt therefore they take step to construct the hotel in the park in which they provide comfort services to the visitor where they can stay at night by pay the attractive price which is another step of achieving its strategic objective. Alton vary its fee accordingly in peak, off peak, week days and week ends times in which there was rush of visitors. Alton tower can asses that how well they focus on their operations effectively by providing questionnaires to visitor and examine the level of their satisfaction and there opinions regarding how it can improve its services. 1.3. Environmental Factor Effecting Operations Management The type of environment within which, the operation functions. The key environmental variables for operations managers are: *Volume-refers to the number of times that an operation has to deliver a service or product. The combination of specialization, standardization and high volume and high volume also usually opens up the possibility of using technology to perform the task *Variation-describe the pattern of the volume demands. If there are many peaks and troughs in demand the situation is said to be one of high variation *Variety-is the term applied to the number of different types of service or product demanded. High variety environment s require different services or products on a frequent basis, whereas low variety demands look for the same output for most of the time There are several environmental factors that affect the business operation in an economy. They are classified into internal and external factors. The internal factors are those which relates to organization internal environment that can be under the control of the organization like its culture leadership and manufacturing processes. On the other side the external factors includes social environment, political, rivals, government bodies, rules and regulation issued by the regulating authorities like accountancy standard board etc. Environmental issues in the case The 1st issue that create environmental issue arise in 1924 when its operation was bought by Alton tower after that it was under the hold of army during the period of war. War destruction totally destroy the park as we are aware of the during and after war side effect on the local environment it was in poor condition when it handed over to Alton tower again for refurbishment it cause major effect to environment. As there is no way to mitigate the affect of such event as it arise such event are out of control of organisation, as its obvious during war period its impossible to protect any area and property. Therefore the one action is to control such events is in hands of government and their relation with other countries. 2nd impact was made by the technological era as the installation of new rides in park beside of customer and visitor attraction does have environmental issue as well like sound pollution, cutting trees and machinery waste pollution to environment. It can be mitigated by trying to preserve my natural resources like by instead of destroying they can be move them to alternative places which will overcome the overall impact to least level. Using such technology which was closer to sound reduction and produce minimum waste. Finally, as Alton tower has invested potential amount of money for new ride. Mostly rides was indoor and few which are outside is due to its limitation to cover them as this will cost the Alton tower major cost on the other hand it will destroy the natural things as well. It would have social issue as well as the visitor came there to entertain themselves with naturalistic environment. Another weather issue as the park is closed between November and February. This factor is also out off control of Alton tower as it is weather that prevent the visitor to come there one way it to create as much indoor facilities that protect the visitor from the tightness of weather as this step will cause massive investment as well agree the visitor to come which will happen only by huge marketing policy and attractive packages like reduction in price which I think is not cost benefit strategy for Alton tower as this will increase its cost but reduction in profitability. But most indoor concerts can b e organised there to attract the visitor to come and entertain themselves from it. Task 2 2.1. Various operation strategies At the mind of operations is the idea of transformation (output). Inputs are acquired, and the operations process converts them into outputs. Operations strategies in bare: Operation implies driving matters finished. Operation management comprises significant because its causative dealing administration resourcefulness. Operations are an day-after-day action. Strategy constitutes course to accomplish organisation long-run targets. Operation strategies are referred on correcting of aims for operations by whole procedure. Theres accented relationship betwixt operations and functions. There are all of the time hazards of dispute tween operations and functions. Because commercializing objectives to fulfill clients demands and expect operations to offer diversity, intensity, speed and higher quality service. This will direct to lower effective servicing till an contingent operation strategy is designed to conciliate and associated on additional roles by administration. All procedure experiences it is strategically target also equally operational objectives. E.g. Commercializing functions strategically target aspirant selecting cost, advancement etc and operational side implies daily tactics inward providing service. Operations strategies let in administration set up strategy, localization strategy, man resource strategy, marketing strategy, hence all functions of organization has operations responsibility in addition to equally long-run. 2.2. Evaluate and analyse the operation strategies adopted by the business. I am going to evaluate the operational strategies of Alton tower under following headings. Product and services Process and technology Capacity and facility Human resource Quality Product and services Under this operation strategy I believe that Alto tower are offering the design there services according to need and understanding of the taste of the Visitor so they are fully fulfil the need of the users of those services. Alton tower has installed new rides in park like Oblivion, The Nemesis, Runway mine train and haunted house etc. These are the products that meet the international standards and provide its user adventure and thrill they are willing to obtain from it. Alton tower has invested 20 million which is part of ten year program in which they are planning to launch new products and services for their users. There are few age and height restriction for the visitor which on one hand is in best interest of the user but if we see it from the user point of view some of them was not satisfied with this discrimination. Not only ride if we look at other services like shops amusement parks, live entertainment and exhibitions these are all fall in the services that Alton Tower are offering to its Visitors to entertain them and meet the expectations. Therefore I think Alton tower are fully active in its product and services operational strategy. Process and technology Alton tower was offering there customer Professional services in each section like ride operators, caterers, cleaner, shop assistant, supervisors and security personnels. Professional and trained operator was handling the rides which include the speed and safety measures for the visitors. Therefore visitors consider themselves to be safe when they using the ride as the feel they are under safe hands. Services like catering and shop supervision providing to elderly visitor who was unable to take ride can entertain them selves from the services that meet the highest level of quality their priority was customised to visitor need. In each process Alton tower are using the latest technology in offering these services. Capacity and facility In 1998 Alton tower entertained over three million of the visitors and they are planning to increase this annual volume of visitor per year for this purpose they installed new rides as described before to attract more visitors toward Alton tower. As explained in case study during east bank holiday the visitor reaches to 40000 and through out summer this limit sustain to 30000. Alton tower has so much area which is left as for exploring that can be utilise for further activities. There fore Alton tower do pass this operation management strategy of capacity and facility in order to hold the capacity it has develop market and shop exhibition hall where they can facilitate the visitors. Human resource In order to fulfil this strategy objective Alton tower recurit1800 staff members and more as needed during the peak time. As their is limited explanations of human resource policy in case study however Alton tower need to provide training for operating new ride installed in the park before its opening and they need to have policy to treat each member of staff equally and paid standard for like paying them on hourly basis or monthly basis. Teams should be maintain to support each different areas of theme park and task should be assign to them and proper supervision held on them so that they are performing their tasks accordingly. Bonus and post employment benefit schemes should be launched so that employees consider there future safe and offer highest level of quality in their work. Quality In this business the quality is extremely important as ride need regular maintenance because it raise health and safety issues. It is Obvious from the case that Alton tower in maintaining quality in each business services. 2.3. Strategic importance of operations management Each and every decision and strategy implementation was imposed from strategic level in every business. Therefore it is vital at strategic level to know whether there strategy was successful at operational level and it is the operation management responsibility to strictly implement instruction to achieve the desired targets. Operation management deal the day to day activities of the business therefore report on regular bases to strategic level the stage of completion on there strategy and if there are any problem arise at operational level that need careful consideration. Task 3: 3.1. Factors affecting the design of product and services and benefit gained from good design Operations managers have to consider factors like the nature of demand, the degree of vertical integration, flexibility, degree of automation, and quality level and degree of customer contact while making process design Nature of Demand: Organization need to produce products or design the services according the expectation of the customers. Schedule need to be made in order to produce product and services on time by take in to consideration the seasonality, growth in trend and demand of customers. Influence of demand patterns The demand pattern of the product and services are varying due to following factors influence like seasonal factors. For example demand for ice cream rise during summer season and air conditioning etc. Influence of price level Mostly customers demand more products at cheaper price, as they are price sensitive this will affect on the design of product and services. Degree of vertical integration: Vertical integration is degree in which determine the degree of product and services can produced internally. There are two types of integration: Forward integration is expansion of organization product to different chains and different markets. Backward integration organization tries to expand backward to source of supply. Flexibility: Organizations have to be flexible in order to increase or maintain their market share. In order to meet the flex demand of the customers organization need to be flexible in its operations. Flexibility can be broadly classified into: Product/service Flexibility and Volume Flexibility etc. Degree of automation: Despite the cost factor of implementing the automation operation management should focus on the automation for their production processes. This will reduce the labor cost and speed up the process of production. How ever the level of quality demand by the customers also impact upon the cost factors. Benefit of good design Below are 5 points to remember in order to assess the usefulness and potential success of a design. It can be adapted to specific design professions, even projects and used as a checklist. Benefit of good design includes: It should meet the desired objectives. It meets the desired quality standards. Customer is satisfied with the quality of service. Automation increase the processing time and reduce the labor cost. Customer is satisfied with the price of the product and services. 3.2. Discuss layout of Alton tower: Facilities Available at Alton Towers Resort: Through out the park 8 cash machines are installed which can be used by the customers for withdrawals of cash. Gift Shops. Push chair hire at Guest Services. Wheelchairs take into service for disabled guests, available from Guest Services. Lockers at Guest Services. First Aid is between the Towers Restaurant and Sky ride Station. Toilets are expediently situated in a multiplicity of spaces all the way through the park. Restaurants, bars and cafà ©s are as well situated right through the park. 3.3. Work measurement Work measurement is concerned with the relationship between units of output and resource time. It provides the factor that converts units to time and vice versa. According to Jack Greene view in the time study and work measurement. Work measurement is the place to start, for any organization where people or machines contribute to output, customer service, or cost. Work measurement also provides tools to manage your business better †¢ calculate actual capacity the operation can produce †¢ develop standard cost models for products and services †¢ justify equipment and automation acquisition †¢ meet the Sarbanes Oxley Act for financial understanding of costs †¢ adjudicate disagreements about workload, assignments †¢ analyze variance to find problems †¢ estimate potential benefit from changes beforehand According to Institute of management services: Work measurement is the process of establishing the time that a given task would take when performed by a qualified worker working at a defined level of performance. There are a variety of ways in which work may be measured and a variety of techniques have been recognized. The essential practice, irrespective of the particular measurement technique being used, consists of three stages; an analysis phase in which the job is separated into suitable, separate components, normally known as elements; a measurement phase in which the exact measurement technique is used to establish the time required to complete each element of work; a synthesis phase in which the different elemental times are added, together with appropriate allowances to construct the standard time for the complete job. Task 4: 4.1. Capacity planning In the case after the three million visitors in 1998 Alton tower took plan too increased this capacity for this purpose it had invested 20 million for extension of park, for this reason it installed new ride to attract the new visitors and in order to cope with the increased volume of visitor it constructed magical hotel where visitor can stay day and night during there visit and increased the number of shops and recruit additional staff to serve the visitor in efficient way. For capacity planning demand need to be forecasted ahead in order to analyse that demand meet the capacity of the company product and services. Demand can be converted into capacity by inserting time requirement. Or following method of capacity planning can be used to support the demand. Level capacity plan: in which capacity remains same it will not alter with the change in demand. Chase demand plan: in this expand the capacity with the increase in volume of demand through increase the shift and no of staff to cope with this. Manage demand: demand will be managed to deal with the capacity. In Alton tower case they have adopted chase demand plan for capacity planning as the increase the number of rides and shops and to handle the volume of demand they recruit the addition staff to fulfill the demand or volume of visitor. 4.2. Inventory planning Method Economic order Quantity (EOQ) The economic order quantity is the number of units that a company should order in an order to reduce the cost of inventory. Costs include cost of storage, cost of holding and cost of shortage. Benefit of EOQ is ongoing review of the inventory system it help to calculate the reorder level which help the business to determine what to order and how many time and who often to reorder to minimize the cost of inventory. Just in Time (JIT) Just in time is producing goods in required demand, in necessary quantity and in necessary Quality require by the customer. By doing this many business improve there return on assets. Cost includes Provide regular training to staff and establishing the policy so that they become flexible. Benefit of using JIT it reduce the operating cost, greater performance through put, higher quality, improved delivery and increase in flexibility. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) ERP provides business the control and visibility in operation to maximize the profitability and to fulfill the customer demand. ERP provides the business to manage there operation with dynamic forecast using formula based production. Benefits totally based on forecasting and inventory planning, easy to use, system is flexible, easy to understand, quick and reduce cost of operation. 4.3. Approaches for project management and quality control The traditional Approach In traditional approach it identifies the step that is going to be completed. It has five steps: Initial stage Planning and design stage Production stage Monitoring stage Completion stage Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) It is the method of planning that mainly focuses on resources like physical and human need to continue the project. Once the resources is final than project are plane and managed to ensure that resources that had planned are ready when critical chain starts and subordination other resources in the critical chain. PRINCE 2 It is information that describes the justification for setting up and continuing a prince2 project. It provides the reason for the project. An outline business case should be in the project. PRINCE2 provide a method for organization project within a plainly clear frame. PRINCE2 describe actions to direct people and activities in a project, how to design and supervise the project, and what to do if the project has to be adjusted if it does not develop as planned. Quality Control Approaches Total quality management This method is beyond the quality assurance under this approach business is concerned by creating the quality culture in the organization in which each employee is aware of quality demand to satisfied their customer. In this method every employee set out to satisfy the customer placing him at the heart of production process. Quality circles These are groups of employees who work on similar task or area of responsibility and sort out solutions for the problems to improve the quality of work. This team was head by the manager and supervisors which also improve the employee morale. Benchmarking In this method organization find out the leading competitor in the market who are performing at optimum level in there production and service areas, in order to benchmark its operation so that to stay level with the competitor. 5.1. Just in time: The first most suitable strategy of Toyota is just in time inventory. It means manufacture automobiles simply when you get the order from client at real time. Toyota Company establishes just in time inventory idea and gives benefit to its respected clients by providing excellence automobiles. The main advantage of just in time is help to run the Toyota companys manufacturing operations most easily and without wasting the raw material by estimating that what is required, when is required and how much amount is required in order to finish the given project. Basically, the main attitude behind just in time scheme of Toyota is removing wastes; decrease waste material and unreasonable requirements resulting in improved output. Kanban System: The Toyota Kanban system is one of the controlled developed inside the Toyota production system (the way we make things). The Toyota production system is exclusive and unmatched. The thinking after it and way of execution has been perfected after long years of test and mistakes. In a nutshell it is also a structure of construction based on the attitude of whole removal of waste that asks for highest in rationality in the way we create equipments. And it can be named as Toyota style production scheme or Toyota production structure. Only when the Toyota production system in its totality is acceptably conducted, can there be an efficient deployment of Kanban structure. Jidoka system: The word Jidoka appears under total production system of Toyota and it can be talked about as an individual aptitude and automation with a human stroke. The word Jidoka captivating its roots forms Sakichi Toyoda the creator of Toyota Group. The major advantage of Jidoka that excellence must be fabricated in the manufacturing procedure. And major purpose of Jidoka technology in Toyota manufacturing procedure is that device is automatically end when the construction is finished. It also has a purpose that device excellence or equipment problem happens, the device automatically discovers the difficulty at its own and stops, and it stops imperfect products from produced. And due to this simply those products are transported to next procedure which is fulfilling the criteria to transfer into next procedure and excellence of building products of Toyota enlarges with the passage of time without damaging the material. What are manufacturing operations? A manufacturer is an individual, an enterprise, or a body that produces something. Consequently, a produces process is a company or a plant where goods and commodities are prepared. Raw materials are used to produce these goods and are then twisted into complete goods prepared to be sold. A manufacture is an extremely significant factor in the selling procedure because without them, the products we require, utilize and enjoy would not be present. What are service operations? Service Industries comprise those industries that do not generate goods, but offer convinced services. The peculiarity of these industries is that frequently the utilization of the service takes place while it is in the generation. Typically, this segment comprises hospitality, publicity, banking, insurance, consultancy, logistics, etc. Compare and Contrast the Manufacturing industry with Service industry: Manufacturing and service business is frequently altering. Basically, in manufacturing business one can determine the presentation of the product. The presentation could be calculate by building efficient utilization of the product physically, and on the other hand in service industry its bit tough to determine the performance of ones service, because one matter is that it is intangible and it cannot be calculated, but once possible view to measure the performance of service business by captivating the feedback by companys reliable consumers. Productivity is more simply measured in manufacturing as compared to service. Services operations concerned more and through contact with customers rather than in manufacturing operations. Quality standards are simple to create in manufacturing whereas in service industry once quality is not easy to evaluate. Manufacturing operations can increase or decrease the finished goods record levels in respond to alter consumer demand pattern while servi ce operations cannot increase or decrease the customer demand models. Services can also comprise support operations which are also shaped and stocker rather than developing operations. Online actions are finished in services operations which fits to consumer rather than in manufacturing operations. Conclusion: The goal of this report satisfy importance of operations management and I have experienced the role of operational management in vital in any organization operational management is responsible for implementing the strategic orders and their implementations. I build up the understanding the key factors affecting the product design and strategic importance of operation management. I build my understanding of different planning techniques for capacity, inventory and quality control. It has enabled me to set goals and take the actions that will lead to best and desired destination.

real life :: essays research papers

Real Life 101 Everyone in high school anticipates the last day of their senior year. The day when high school is over and â€Å"real life† begins. I felt this day was the day I could be on my own. Get a full time job to support myself. Have no one telling me what to do or how to live. I could finally control my won life. Then it hit me. I can’t live a comfortable life without a college education. The first thing I did after graduation was to go out and find a real job. I was sick of school and I just wanted to start a career I could hold until I retired. I got a job at a local car dealership, Toyota of Redlands, as a technician. My job included changing oil, rotating tires and any other maintenance related duties. I thought it would be a good start and I could work my way up through the ranks and become a master technician or maybe a service manager. I quickly realized that I only enjoy working on cars in my free time, not when it was a requirement everyday. The pay also never increases unless you go to a Toyota Tech School. As I mentioned earlier I was very sick of school and Tech School did not appeal to me. One day, my manager at Toyota took me aside and told me â€Å"Kyle, you are one of our hardest workers on the lot and I know you could be manager material. In order to do that, you are going to have to go to our Toyota Certified Two Year Academy. The dealership will pay for everything.† Although this would have been a great career opportunity, making almost $200,000 a year, I really didn’t want to go back to school. I also came to the conclusion that I did not want to work on cars for the rest of my life. After working for Toyota of Redlands for two years, I found a new job at ABI/VIP Attorney Services in Redlands. The pay was better and I really did not want to do hard manual labor anymore. This job was exactly what I needed after working at Toyota. I was now sitting in an air conditioned office with no physical exertion necessary. My job at ABI consisted of sitting at my desk and scanning files, reviewing files and emailing clients.

Helth and Saftey Childcare Assignment Essay

There are many legislations that influence healthy, safe and secure environment for early years settings. The Heath and Safety (young persons) Regulations 1997 states that ‘’Employers need to complete risk assessments for people under 18 years of age.’’ (Thornes 2008 pg84) It also states that if any hazards are the setting, then give them training that the student, trainee or work experience people may nee to do with that particular hazard. Another legislation is Health and Safety at work Act 1974. This legislation is the one that provides general guidance about all this health and safety and workers must have policies and procedures saying how the health and safety will be ensured and then follow these policies and procedures. Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) 1994 is also part of the legislation for a healthy, safe and secure environment and states that a risk assessment should be done on hazards and make sure to store appropri ate as the COSHH regulations are. Reporting injuries diseases and dangerous occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR) 1995. E2 Describe the producers which will keep a child safe for each accident, illness or emergency. There are many procedures which keep children safe for each accident, illness or emergency and each childcare setting will have exclusion for illness policy. In my setting the exclusion policy states that all children should be excluded if they have an illness until recovered to prevent any one else in the setting getting infected. Any illness or accident will be recorded in the accident book and they do this in my work placement by writing down all the details of the incident or emergency. The child’s medical records must be checked, and where appropriate acted upon and then parents/guardians will be contacted to pick up their child. If parents/guardians are not reached, the child’s emergency contacts will be call up. In my work placement all staff follow this by carrying it out the correct way. Afterwards the child should be regularly checked to see if any think is more serious. One record copy of the child will be taken to the doctors to make sure staff deal with  any recorded conditions and then the staff at the setting can keep a record of it and keep in contact with parents/guardians. Every childcare setting will keep a record of the child’s symptoms and the actions; regular checks on the child and each time the action was taken. The staffs at my work placement setting always have copies if an incident or accident happens and make regular checks which they keep an up to date record of the child. On discovering a fire or alarm sound, the room leader should then gather the register, visitor book and nursery contact numbers. Nursery stuff will help get the children out the setting by evacuating the building from the nearest fire doors. Once left building all staff and children line up at the assemble point and when lined up the room leader checks register to check all children are present. Afterwards the staff and children must not return to the building until the building has been declared safe by the fire brigade. Once this has been done, the children and staff can return back to the setting safely. An example of an illness would be vomiting or diarrhoea. An example of an accident would be a child bumping his/her head. An example of an emergency would be a fire. E3 Plan the appropriate care of a child aged 1 for a full day in the setting. E4 Plan the appropriate care of a child aged 3 years for a full day in the setting. E5 Describe the issues that affect the planning of a challenging environment for children. There are many issues that affect the planning of a challenging environment for children. The first issue can be identifying children’s needs as this can stop the practitioner from being able to meet their needs in planning the challenging environment for them to be able to learn in, develop and take risks. The second issue can be equipment; is it safe and suitable because this is vital for the children to be able to have in a challenging environment and age staged appropriate equipment. The third issue that affects the planning of a challenging environment may be the size or layout of the area. The Forth issue can be environmental factors such as  temperature, safety, ect†¦ It will have an effect on how effective the challenging environment is. The fifth issue can be that is there supervision and enough of it. The sixth issue that affects the planning of a challenging environment maybe type of setting. The seventh issue could be consulting children as is it developmentally appropriate. E6 Describe the initiatives which influence the provision of challenging environments for children. + C1 Evaluate how two initiatives contribute to the provision of an enabling environment for children. A national initiative which influences the provision of challenging environments for children is Swedish school as they apply the Forest education approach. This national initiative influences provisions because children are learning in a different environment which has more outdoor and physical development on the children. They aim to let children explore and understand stuff in the woods and forest such as everyday products from wood. ‘’a unique way of working with young people in a woodland setting, helping them to achieve small practicable tasks, learning about fire safety, woodland management etc. It complements the Early Years curriculum in particular but also supports the 5-16 curriculum. Disaffected children, those with emotional or behavioral difficulties or exhibiting challenging behavior are all seen to benefit and can be â€Å"turned around† by the Forest School experience. Forest School particularly suits the kinaesthetic learner (those that learn by doing) who fails to achieve in a formal school setting. These children are immediately engaged in the tasks set as they suit their way of learning.’’ (http://www.infomat.net/infomat/rd741/rd1/database/Forest_Education/index.asp) A local initiative which influences the provision of challenging environments for children is Montessori such as The Oratory Day Nursery in Burnham. This local initiative influences provisions because children learn independently through tasks to meet their skill for their age without a ‘’long-term disadvantage in their gross motor skills’’ (Thornes 2008 pg250) They aim to make children do many activities which involve the children to use their hands. The Montessori approach is use in my current setting Oratory Day Care Nursery by having set activities for the children to choose from then let children do the activity whilst the practitioners observe and only interacts in the activity to give guidance. This approach also say that ‘’First education of the senses, then education of the intellect.’’ (Thornes 2008 pg250). E7 Explain the importance of helping children to manage risk and challenge in their environment. It is important for children to be helped to learn to assess and manage risk and challenge. It will be necessary for the adult to teach the child the skills he/she will need to learn about assessing and managing risk and challenge. The child can also learn to understand consequences of the challenge and risk themselves. It also teaches them, limits and binderies that they can take with them throughout their everyday life. Most importantly it teaches to progress in their education by developing and doing these challenges and risks with the adults help. In my placement I have seen this happen by practitioners allowing for the children to explore the garden for themselves and one girl was climbing up the little hill for the first time and slipped and fell over. This was a challenge for her because she had to get up to the top and her risk was that she fell but next time she will climb up the hill, she would know the risk and what may happen next time. ‘’All children both need and want to take risk in order to explore limits, venture into new experiences and develop their capacities from a very young age and from their earliest play experiences. Children would never learn to walk, climb stairs or ride a bicycle unless they were strong motivated to respond o challenges involving risk of injuries.’’ (www.freeplaynetwork.org.uk/adventure/manage.htm) E8 show an understanding of diversity and inclusive practice. Diversity and inclusive practise need to be understood and carried out in every childcare setting. Therefore each practitioner should remember to treat every child and their families fairly without discrimination. This can  be done by for example letting all children join in an activity and not saying they can’t play because of their colour, size, shape, disability, ability in activity. They should also not stereotype both the children and families that they work with. By doing this, practitioners can meet each child’s needs as an individual and are allowing for the rights of the children and their families to take place. ‘’Childcare workers are very influential in the promotion of children’s attitude and values. Children will take their cue from adult responses and reactions. Because of their powerful role, it is important that staff take issues of equality seriously and do not ignore them.’’ (Thornes 2008 pg93) In my current setting Oratory Day Nursery, all staff carrying out and understand diversity and inclusive practice by following the equal opportunities policy and enabling that each child gets the chance to develop, learn and play as an individual in the setting with the right to be heard and valued. D1 Explain how legislation can support strategies to establish and maintain healthy, safe and secure environments in early years settings. There are many ways that legislation can support strategies to establish and maintain healthy, safe and secure environment in early years settings. The most important thing that supports a healthy, safe and secure environment is having policies and procedures as this will help everyone in the setting to keep to the same rules. Having CRB checks will also support a healthy, safe and secure environment because they help protect the setting from any vunarble adults. Another thing will be regular body inspections to ensure the setting is following the policies and procedures and working to the right standards but also to see if anything may need improvement into better or is not good practise. Staff ratios can support strategies to establish and maintain healthy, safe and secure environment as without having the right staff the setting shouldn’t open. Training for many different things such as fire procedures will allow you to be able to put your knowledge and practise into your own work to keep everyone safe and secure in the setting. Having the right/appropriate resources is another way to establish and maintain healthy, safe and secure environment. The last thing would be you the practitioner yourself as you are the person who will enforce that all these legislations are done to protect the children, parents, staff and other professionals as well the setting. D2 Explain how establishing a safe environment can support the procedures necessary for accidents, illness and emergencies. Establishing a safe environment, should support the procedures necessary for accidents, illnesses and emergencies. Accidents, illnesses and emergencies cannot be totally predictable or happen through a risk or harm in an event. Many accidents occur in a work place and the main victim is a child. This is due to risks of injury and illness through lack of cleanliness, another sick child in the group, etc†¦ Injuries in a group can occur from the children not bringing adequate protection and not using the equipment the correct way. It can also be due to the work place itself because their many be mislabelled equipment, unsafe condition, faulty or broken equipment. However the accidents and illness can be due to the adult because he/she may have failure to follow the procedures, lack of tanning or worker error. Therefore all this needs to be followed the correct way in order to prevent any of this happening. It can be done by making sure everyone in the setting implements and understands the policies such as Health and Safety Work act 1974 or RIDDOR and procedure of the setting, make sure all illnesses and emergency are written, carry out risk assessments regularly, sterilise the equipment, throw away any broken or faulty equipment,, looking after children’s hygiene and insure the children know the rules. This will then creat and establish a safe environment which is safe and less of a risk for everyone in the setting. B1 Consider possible ways to maintain the safety and privacy of children and to respect their wishes. Ensuring a safe environment that allows children to have safety and privacy with respecting their wishes can be done in many possible ways. One example can be going to the toilet as this can make the child feel uncomfortable to go in front of his/her friends and having small toilets with cubicles will make them feel safe and give them privacy. The practitioner however should check to see if there is anything that can put the child at danger when going to the toilet such as chemical produces. When doing all this it allows  the staff in the setting to see over the chid and maintain the safety. In my setting I have seen this happen because when a child goes to the toilet there are small cubicles that adults can see child at any time and keep the safety and privacy that is recurred in any childcare setting. Another example can be when protecting the child such as child’s welfare. This would mean having all practitioners, other professionals, parents and students to be aware that they most not discuss any thing that is not relevant to others and keep any paper work confidential. I have seen practitioners in my setting maintain the safety and privacy of children and respect their wish by listening to them, valuing them as an individual, following the policies on safety, Every Child Matters and the CACHE Statements of Values to best practise. A Discuss the effect on practitioners of meeting the care needs of children. There are many ways of how and why practitioners may be affected when meeting the care needs of children and the support available. Practitioners may feel unhappy to see a child leave after a long time of care for them, grief if child in care dies or is badly injured, feel terrible if they do not get on with a child or the child is not progressing and have a sense of failure. They may also feel anxiety when having to tell a parent bad news or anxiety when a child has to have the social care services involved with them. There can be support given for all these things that a practitioner may be affected by to meet the care needs of children. One way can be by leading the practitioner the right way. Local education authorities can also give support by helping the setting out and working with them to help and develop the child at the best interest to. Another way can be by getting advice from support advisors. The last way they can be supported is by other colleagues and work together to improve the outcome and met the care of the Child’s needs more effectively. This will therefore result in making the child feel happy and enjoy activities or coming to the setting. It will also make child want to work with the practitioner and gain a better relationship. It can not only have an result on the children but also on the practitioner themselves because will feel happy or overwhelmed they are able to work with the child to meet their care needs and then have a better  positive communicating relationship with parents about their child to fit the care needs of that child. In my current placement, I have seen practitioners have an effect when meeting the needs of children and one example of this was the practitioner feeling upset, frustrated because this 4 year old boy who was unable to count his number after having taught him many different ways such as having him sing a song to learn to count as this was some think the boy liked doing. Reference: * Beaver. M, et al (2008) Childcare and education Cache level 3 Cheltenham: Nelson Thorns * www.freeplaynetwork.org.uk/adventure/manage.htm 26th October 2011 * http://www.infomat.net/infomat/rd741/rd1/database/Forest_Education/index.asp 26th October 2011 * http://www.extension.org/pages/25767/preventing-injuries-in-child-care 1st December 2011

Redesigned SAT Essay Prompts

Redesigned SAT Essay Prompts    The SAT Essay is no longer a simple read and respond kind of a prompt where the tester forms his or her own opinion on a topic and supports it with facts and examples. The Redesigned SAT essay prompts require the tester to read a persuasive text, and then analyze the authors opinion, explaining how the author builds his or her argument.   Redesigned SAT Essay Prompts Here are some prompts from the College Board and the Khan Academy, followed by a prompt on this page so you can get started practicing right now! College Board SAT Essay Prompt 1College Board SAT Essay Prompt 2Khan Academy SAT Essay Prompt Practice With a Redesigned SAT Essay Prompt Now As you read the passage below, consider how Caroline Walker  uses evidence, such as facts or examples, to support claims.reasoning to develop ideas and to connect claims and evidence.stylistic or persuasive elements, such as word choice or appeals to emotion, to add power to the ideas expressed. Adapted from Caroline Walker, Media Outlets Are Getting the Drift That a Daily Dose of Heavy News Isnt Enough for Well-Rounded Brains.  © 2009 by the HuffingtonPost.com Originally published September 6, 2009. Caroline Walker is a freelance writer and editor. There’s a trend catching on in the news; it’s called seeing the bright side and it couldnt come at a better time. Despite associations with earnest idealism, â€Å"goodness† is a smart sell. It comes down to marketing logic - with the side benefit of possibly changing our collective conscience for the better. It’s about using language that engages readers and keep our hopelessness at bay. We already know what it feels like to be beaten over the head with gut-wrenching headlines. The timing is right to try something new. It starts simply, with softer columns peppered in among gruesome stories. Take this example from the New York Times, published a little while back and earning hefty responses from a slew of fans. In â€Å"The Consolation of Animalsâ€Å" by Richard Conniff, the author talks about witnessing animals in their element, watching wildlife do its thing. He makes the case that experiencing the wild kingdom doesn’t require an expensive safari or a swim down the Amazon. Check your backyard, your nearest pond, your shadiest tree. â€Å"People who do dumb stuff like racing red-throated loons down a beach in the dead of winter - or even just stopping to admire swans flying overhead, their wings creaking like door hinges - are liable to get a reputation for being a little nuts. But I prefer to think of it as what makes me almost sane. These encounters with the lords of life (and also with the soybeans) pull me up out of the pettiness and stupidity of my workaday life.† The post drew my attention to its home on the newish Times series called â€Å"Happy Days: The Pursuit of What Matters in Troubled Times.† Most headlines skew toward doom and gloom, leaving feel-good stories in the dust. Digging through daily articles to search for inspiring ones can sometimes feel like a futile treasure hunt. We know they’re out there, everywhere... they’re just not always easy to find. Media outlets also seem to be recognizing that a reader can only take so much heaviness, and that if we’re going to pitch in toward making things better in our world we’ve got to be reminded that there’s plenty of goodness to be found. From the Happy Days site: â€Å"The severe economic downturn has forced many people to reassess their values and the ways they act on them in their daily lives. For some, the pursuit of happiness, sanity, or even survival, has been transformed. Happy Days is a discussion about the search for contentment in its many forms - economic, emotional, physical, spiritual - and the stories of those striving to come to terms with the lives they lead.† The Times isn’t alone. CNN started the CNN Heroes series last year, and it’s still going strong. Then NBC Nightly News and Brian Williams asked readers to offer their own â€Å"good news† stories. Submissions - and requests - for positive news poured in. It can’t be long before others catch on and balance the necessity of learning about the world’s tragedies and struggles with the desire to hear about humanity’s efforts to heal these wounds. I think it’s safe to say that we’ve reached a point of compassion fatigue where crisis and tragedy don’t penetrate our brains and hearts in a sufficiently empathy-provoking way. We need balance. It’s important to know about war and economic crashes, disease and catastrophe that affect our world, but without anything to counter the heaviness, it makes for a rather desolate template. The state of affairs starts looking hopeless, change seems elusive, and the Kardashians become infinitely more mentally digestible than foreclosure rates and bombings. Wanting to re-frame issues in a good light isn’t just idealism; it’s responsible business and effective persuasion. It’s a little bit of subliminal manipulation, and it’s all good as far as I’m concerned - re-frame an issue with a positive slant and we can trick readers into learning about concerns that need our collective attention. It’s official: Kindness is cool. Nice is all right. Good news is here to stay. SAT Essay Prompt:   Write an essay in which you explain how Caroline Walker  builds an argument to persuade her audience that positive news stories are important. In your essay, analyze how Walker uses one or more of the features in the directions that precede the passage (or features of your own choice) to strengthen the logic and persuasiveness of her argument. Be sure that your analysis focuses on the most relevant features of the passage. Your essay should not explain whether you agree with Walker’s claims, but rather explain how Walker builds an argument to persuade her audience.

Briggs-Rauscher Oscillating Color Change Reaction

Briggs-Rauscher Oscillating Color Change Reaction The Briggs-Rauscher reaction, also known as the oscillating clock, is one of the most common demonstrations of a chemical oscillator reaction. The reaction begins when three colorless solutions are mixed together. The color of the resulting mixture will oscillate between clear, amber, and deep blue for about 3-5 minutes. The solution ends up as a blue-black mixture. Solution A Add 43 g potassium iodate (KIO3) to ~800 mL distilled water. Stir in 4.5 mL sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Continue stirring until the potassium iodate is dissolved. Dilute to 1 L. Solution B Add 15.6 g malonic acid (HOOCCH2COOH) and 3.4 g manganese sulfate monohydrate (MnSO4 . H2O) to ~800 mL distilled water. Add 4 g of vitex starch. Stir until dissolved. Dilute to 1 L. Solution C Dilute 400 mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to 1 L. Materials 300 mL of each solution1 L beakerstirring platemagnetic stir bar Procedure Place the stirring bar into the large beaker.Pour 300 mL each of solutions A and B into the beaker.Turn on the stirring plate. Adjust the speed to produce a large vortex.Add 300 mL of solution C into the beaker. Be sure to add solution C after mixing solutions A B or else the demonstration will not work. Enjoy! Notes This demonstration evolves iodine. Wear safety goggles and gloves and perform the demonstration in a well-ventilated room, preferably under a ventilation hood. Use care when preparing the solutions, as the chemicals include strong irritants and oxidizing agents. Clean Up Neutralize the iodine by reducing it to iodide. Add ~10 g sodium thiosulfate to the mixture. Stir until the mixture becomes colorless. The reaction between iodine and thiosulfate is exothermic and the mixture may be hot. Once cool, the neutralized mixture may be washed down the drain with water. The Briggs-Rauscher Reaction IO3- 2 H2O2 CH2(CO2H)2 H ICH(CO2H)2 2 O2 3 H2O This reaction can be broken into two component reactions: IO3- 2 H2O2 H HOI 2 O2 2 H2O This reaction can occur by a radical process which is turned on when I- concentration is low, or by a nonradical process when the I- concentration is high. Both processes reduce iodate to hypoiodous acid. The radical process forms hypoiodous acid at a much faster rate than the nonradical process. The HOI product of the first component reaction is a reactant in the second component reaction: HOI CH2(CO2H)2 ICH(CO2H)2 H2O This reaction also consists of two component reactions: I- HOI H I2 H2O I2CH2(CO2H)2 ICH2(CO2H)2 H I- The amber color results from the production of the I2. The I2 forms because of the rapid production of HOI during the radical process. When the radical process is occurring, HOI is created faster than it can be consumed. Some of the HOI is used while excess is reduced by hydrogen peroxide to I-. The increasing I- concentration reaches a point at which the nonradical process takes over. However, the nonradical process does not produce HOI nearly as fast as the radical process, so the amber color begins to clear as I2 is consumed more quickly than it can be created. Eventually the I- concentration drops low enough for the radical process to restart so the cycle can repeat itself. The deep blue color is the result of the I- and I2 binding to the starch present in the solution.​ Source B. Z. Shakhashiri, 1985, Chemical Demonstrations: A Handbook for Teachers of Chemistry, vol. 2, pp. 248-256.

FILM Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

FILM - Movie Review Example They derived pleasure in living amongst themselves without interacting with outsiders. Children who were curious and asked endless questions about life beyond theirs, their parent made them belief that no life existed beyond margins of the community. No one ever left the Dinka society out of curiosity to verify the truth (Deng 75). Dinka children went through informal system of education. It was the responsibility of their parents to instill communal values in them. Parents taught the children to be strong, independent members of the community. At a tender age of six to five years, they had to learn cattle grazing and other related activities like milking. Livestock herding was the main source of livelihood. In addition, the community instilled in the children moral values through singing games. Strength, courage and prowess in fighting were valuable assets. These qualities made someone a warrior. After that, they married and later become village elder. Their lives revolved around this same circle. This is the traditional system of education. Although formal education existed around them through the missionaries, they did not regard western education as useful and applicable in their lives. In fact, it is only weak children who did not take care of the cattle that got admitted to formal schools, because they w ere not resourceful to the community. Apart from the weaklings, paramount chiefs and Christianized families admitted their children to schools too. However, everything came to an abrupt halt after war broke up in1987. Most of the Dinka children became homeless after forceful and tragic separation from their families. Young boys trekked for days to refugee camps in Ethiopia (Bixler 36). At the refugee camps, the young boys were subject to hard labor like cutting wood to build their shelter. In addition, they had no cattle to look after. Education became a privilege at the camps. The other boys envied the few

How Different Stakeholder Groups Build Brand Value Research Paper

How Different Stakeholder Groups Build Brand Value - Research Paper Example The concept of brand building has witnessed a striking change from the last decade. Traditionally the role of brands was just to provide a name or an identity to a product (Baehrens, 2012). Apart from being an identity is also the association which satisfies emotional and functional needs of the consumers (Glynn, 2009). A brand also helps to distinguish one company from the other (Dunn, 2004). However the modern concept of branding is a step of the entire marketing and selling process. According to Kotler (2008) branding is defined as the name which is associated with the product line of the companies and is used to recognize the product (Kautish, 2011). Apart from this American Marketing Association (AMA) defined brand as symbol, term, name, sign or design, or an amalgamation of all which are proposed to recognize the products and services of one company to that of the other. In other words brand helps to distinguish a product of a company from that of another company. However many authors have specified that brands are much more than just a mere mark of identification. Brands also act as the element which enhances the societal value of a company and the communal value of the user of a branded product. Kotler also mentioned brands as the major area of concern in the context of the product strategy. Since brand was only a part of the product strategy, the communication strategy also worked with it in the process of exploring the brand value and creating brand awareness. The brand development process is lengthy and there are a number of factors associated with it. Also there are a number of people starting from the employees and customers, who help in the process of creating brand. Hence there is a part played by the stake holders towards the... In this turbulent business environment creation of brand value is not an easy process and is mainly created due to active participation of the stakeholders. The situation worsens for the new companies who enter into a market. To cite an example it took many years for Pepsi, Coca Cola, Volkswagen, and Toyota, to get them established and to become renowned brands of the world. Thus, brand equity and brand value are the essential factors towards the success of an organization. Brand value is mainly used to define the association during the process of value creation, while on the other hand brand equity is imperative for the evaluation of the brand value that is also termed as the result for the relationship. After conduction the research about the impact of stakeholders on the creation of brand value, it can be concluded that the stakeholders plays the most essential role towards the development of a brand. The study also revealed that customers are an important group of stakeholder, bu t are not the sole responsible group for the development of a brand. Other stakeholders such as suppliers, distributors, business partners, other channel members, government, banks, Ngo’s, media and also competitors plays a major role in the process of brand value creation. The null hypothesis holds true for the project.